Rheology (play /riːˈɒlədʒi/) is the abstraction of the breeze of matter, primarily in the aqueous state, but aswell as 'soft solids' or debris beneath altitude in which they acknowledge with artificial breeze rather than deforming elastically in acknowledgment to an activated force.1 It applies to substances which accept a circuitous atomic structure, such as muds, sludges, suspensions, polymers and added bottle formers (e.g. silicates), as able-bodied as abounding foods and additives, actual fluids (e.g. blood) and added biological materials.
Newtonian fluids can be characterized by a individual accessory of bendability for a specific temperature. Although this bendability will change with temperature, it does not change with the breeze amount or ache rate. Only a baby accumulation of fluids display such connected viscosity, and they are accepted as Newtonian fluids. But for a ample chic of fluids, the bendability change with the ache amount (or about acceleration of flow) and are alleged non-Newtonian fluids. Rheology about accounts for the behavior of non-Newtonian fluids, by anecdotic the minimum amount of functions that are bare to chronicle stresses with amount of change of strains or ache rates. For example, ketchup can accept its bendability bargain by afraid (or added forms of automated agitation, area the about movement of altered layers in the actual in fact causes the abridgement in viscosity) but baptize cannot. Ketchup is a microburst abrasion material, as an access in about acceleration acquired a abridgement in viscosity, while some added non-Newtonian abstracts appearance the adverse behavior: bendability traveling up with about deformation, which are alleged microburst agglomeration or all-embracing materials. Since Sir Isaac Newton originated the abstraction of viscosity, the abstraction of liquids with ache amount abased bendability is aswell generally alleged Non-Newtonian aqueous mechanics.1
The appellation rheology was coined by Eugene C. Bingham, a assistant at Lafayette College, in 1920, from a advancement by a colleague, Markus Reiner.23 The appellation was aggressive by the adage of Simplicius (often misattributed to Heraclitus), panta rei, "everything flows"4 Plato in his chat Cratylus recounts on Heraclitus' adage that "all things move and annihilation charcoal still";5 he aswell compares the ancestry of the name of the Greek goddess Rhea (Ρέα) to the Greek name for breeze (ῥοή). He addendum the etymological accord of the names of "streams"6 accustomed to Cronus (Chronos - time) and Rhea (ῥοή – breeze or space) and he argues that this accord is not accidental.7
The beginning assuming of a material's rheological behavior is accepted as rheometry, although the appellation rheology is frequently acclimated synonymously with rheometry, decidedly by experimentalists. Theoretical aspects of rheology are the affiliation of the flow/deformation behavior of actual and its centralized anatomy (e.g., the acclimatization and addendum of polymer molecules), and the flow/deformation behavior of abstracts that cannot be declared by classical aqueous mechanics or elasticity.
Newtonian fluids can be characterized by a individual accessory of bendability for a specific temperature. Although this bendability will change with temperature, it does not change with the breeze amount or ache rate. Only a baby accumulation of fluids display such connected viscosity, and they are accepted as Newtonian fluids. But for a ample chic of fluids, the bendability change with the ache amount (or about acceleration of flow) and are alleged non-Newtonian fluids. Rheology about accounts for the behavior of non-Newtonian fluids, by anecdotic the minimum amount of functions that are bare to chronicle stresses with amount of change of strains or ache rates. For example, ketchup can accept its bendability bargain by afraid (or added forms of automated agitation, area the about movement of altered layers in the actual in fact causes the abridgement in viscosity) but baptize cannot. Ketchup is a microburst abrasion material, as an access in about acceleration acquired a abridgement in viscosity, while some added non-Newtonian abstracts appearance the adverse behavior: bendability traveling up with about deformation, which are alleged microburst agglomeration or all-embracing materials. Since Sir Isaac Newton originated the abstraction of viscosity, the abstraction of liquids with ache amount abased bendability is aswell generally alleged Non-Newtonian aqueous mechanics.1
The appellation rheology was coined by Eugene C. Bingham, a assistant at Lafayette College, in 1920, from a advancement by a colleague, Markus Reiner.23 The appellation was aggressive by the adage of Simplicius (often misattributed to Heraclitus), panta rei, "everything flows"4 Plato in his chat Cratylus recounts on Heraclitus' adage that "all things move and annihilation charcoal still";5 he aswell compares the ancestry of the name of the Greek goddess Rhea (Ρέα) to the Greek name for breeze (ῥοή). He addendum the etymological accord of the names of "streams"6 accustomed to Cronus (Chronos - time) and Rhea (ῥοή – breeze or space) and he argues that this accord is not accidental.7
The beginning assuming of a material's rheological behavior is accepted as rheometry, although the appellation rheology is frequently acclimated synonymously with rheometry, decidedly by experimentalists. Theoretical aspects of rheology are the affiliation of the flow/deformation behavior of actual and its centralized anatomy (e.g., the acclimatization and addendum of polymer molecules), and the flow/deformation behavior of abstracts that cannot be declared by classical aqueous mechanics or elasticity.
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